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Sticking of pellets occurs in the direct reduction process of gas-based shaft furnace. This phenomenon has negative effects on the smooth flow of raw materials and continuous …
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In a shaft furnace, the reducing gases injected into the middle and the bottom part of the shaft are gradually diluted by the spent gases emitted from the reduced pellets as it ascend upwards, which leads to a decrease in its reduction potential.
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Binding Solutions Ltd has developed a technology to contribute to the reduction of CO 2 in the short and long term, by introducing a cold-bonded iron ore pellet to the furnace …
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Rotary hearth furnace: FASTMET® Composite pellets ... In the packed bed shaft furnaces, reduction occurs by reaction between the various iron oxide species present and the gas-phase acceptors of oxygen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. As in all kinetic processes, there are several steps that operate in sequence, and the overall …
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DOI: 10.1016/S1006-706X(11)60098-8 Corpus ID: 137607697; Low Temperature Reduction Degradation Characteristics of Sinter, Pellet and Lump Ore @article{Wu2011LowTR, title={Low Temperature Reduction Degradation Characteristics of Sinter, Pellet and Lump Ore}, author={Shengli Wu and Xiao-qin Liu and Qi Zhou and …
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This study elucidated the behavior of pellets in the low-temperature reduction section during the shaft furnace smelting process, offering a technical foundation for shaft …
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Composite pellets of hematite and transformed-spent coffee grounds (T-SCGs) are heat-treated at a melting temperature of 1550 °C. The effect of both binary and quaternary …
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The disintegration behavior and mechanism of iron ore pellet in simulated shaft furnace conditions were investigated in details. Effects of temperature, reducing gas and gangue compositions were ...
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(DOI: 10.1080/03019233.2017.1361079) COREX is a clean process releasing lower pollution and consuming fewer cokes than the blast furnace process. However, serious sticking phenomenon often occurs in COREX shaft furnace, causing many problems to the normal operation. In this study, the loading reduction experiments of iron ore pellets …
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Abstract The use of iron ore–coal composite pellet as a raw material for iron making is an ongoing area of research. Investigations on composite pellet reduction have reported some interesting phenomena, and experimental and modeling results, in which consistent and inconsistent conclusions have been presented in the literature. The …
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H. Park and V. Sahajwalla did a research on the effect of silica (5–15%) on the reduction behavior of carbon composite pellet at 1273 K, 1373 K [27] and 1473 K [28] by thermogravimetric analysis. They believed that silica decreases CO gas concentration by diminishing the surface area of pellets. Thus the reduction rate decreases.
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From the perspective of reduction swelling, all pellets show a tendency to shrink without catastrophic expansion and are able to meet the actual production requirements. The …
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The pellets were reduced in hydrogen atmosphere in a laboratory shaft furnace in the temperature ranges of 600–1200 °C at the pressures of 1 and 5 bar. The pellets' reduction behaviour was analysed in terms of time to reduction, rate of reduction and kinetics constant.
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DOI: 10.1016/J.PROENG.2011.08.880 Corpus ID: 95556536; Reducing gas composition optimization for COREX® pre-reduction shaft furnace based on CO-H2 mixture @article{Guo2011ReducingGC, title={Reducing gas composition optimization for COREX{textregistered} pre-reduction shaft furnace based on CO-H2 mixture}, …
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The blast furnace and direct reduction processes have been the major iron production routes for various iron ores (i.e. goethite, hematite, magnetite, maghemite, siderite, etc.) in the past few decades, but the challenges of maintaining the iron and steel-making processes are enormous. The challenges, such as cumbersome production …
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.07.183 Corpus ID: 260189357; Mechanism study on gas-based reduction swelling behavior of ultra-high grade pellets @article{Lei2023MechanismSO, title={Mechanism study on gas-based reduction swelling behavior of ultra-high grade pellets}, author={J. F. Lei and Chen Zhang and Jing-shu An and Yuran Kong and …
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A techno-economic approach for magnetising roasting of iron ore composite pellet using conventional and hybrid microwave furnace ... The reduction roasting was followed by multi-pass low-mid intensity magnetic separation to treat the low-grade iron ore fines (Fe 44.53%, 40.13% silica). ... shaft furnace, fluidised bed roasting, and …
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With the aim of reducing CO 2 emissions in basic industries, the sector of iron and steel metallurgy is also faced with the question of how carbon can be replaced in ore reduction. By means of in-situ observation, this study investigates the direct reduction (DR) of individual iron ore pellets under an atmosphere of hydrogen (H 2) and carbon …
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Meanwhile, a requirement for the low-temperature reduction degradation performance of composite burden was proposed as RDI +6.3 ≥ 70% and RDI +3.15 ≥ 80% when sinter was used for COREX process ...
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The reduction behaviour of composite pellets has also been found better than that of pre-oxidized pellets indicating the former to be more efficient. ... Roasting Process in a Pellet Shaft Furnace.
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A mathematical model is developed to investigate the reduction process of hematite in the reduction zone of the Midrex shaft furnace as a moving bed reactor. It is described as a counter-current moving bed cylindrical reactor in which hematite pellets are reduced by a gaseous mixture of hydrogen, water vapour, carbon dioxide and carbon …
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stage in a shaft furnace and the remaining reduction is achieved at the second stage in a melter gasifier. Commercial processes like COREX, AUSMELT, HISMELT, DIOS (direct iron smelting ... reduction. Composite pellets of hematite and transformed-spent coffee grounds (T-SCGs) are heat-treated at a melting temperature of 1550°C. The effect of both
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The pellets were reduced in hydrogen atmosphere in a laboratory shaft furnace in the temperature ranges of 600–1200 °C at the pressures of 1 and 5 bar. The pellets' …
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A mathematical model was established to describe the direct reduction of pellets in a rotary hearth furnace (RHF). In the model, heat transfer, mass transfer, and gas-solid chemical reactions were taken into account. The behaviors of iron metallization and dezincification were analyzed by the numerical method, which was validated by …
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DOI: 10.1016/J.POWTEC.2017.04.056 Corpus ID: 100586641; Iron ore pellet disintegration mechanism in simulated shaft furnace conditions @article{Yi2017IronOP, title={Iron ore pellet disintegration mechanism in simulated shaft furnace conditions}, author={Lingyun Yi and Huang Zhucheng and Tao Jiang and …
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However, serious sticking phenomenon often occurs in COREX shaft furnace, causing many problems to the normal operation. In this study, the loading reduction experiments …
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However, the reduction of multiple layers of pellets better represents the condition in a shaft furnace. Some researchers used 30 pellets for reduction in CO-CO 2-N 2 or blast furnace gas atmospheres but the pellets were distributed in a single layer, [11, 12] which minimized the dilution of reduction gas by CO 2 developed during the …
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Iron oxide reduction has been studied in detail in the past, such as the reduction sequence of iron oxides, and the reduction and melting behavior of carbon composite iron ore hot briquette in shaft furnace . It is generally believed that the mechanism of carbon pellet reduction at high temperature is as follows . In the short initial stage of ...
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Study of reduction behaviour of prefabricated iron ore–graphite/coal composite pellets in rotary hearth furnace
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Direct reduction based on hydrogen metallurgical gas-based shaft furnace is a promising technology for the efficient and low-carbon smelting of vanadium–titanium magnetite.
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Shrinkage of composite pellets during reduction. Metall. Mater. Trans. B. Process. Metall. Mater. Process. Sci. (2008) There are more references available in the full text version of this article. ... (HVTMP) with hydrogen-rich gases and leads to discontinuous operation during the shaft furnace smelting process. As part of research to develop a ...
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The breakthrough route involving a reduction shaft furnace operated with pure hydrogen gas (here called H 2 -SF) and the electric arc furnace is widely accepted as one of the ... Modelling the reduction of an iron ore-coal composite pellet with conduction and convection in an axisymmetric temperature field. Jingyu Shi E. Donskoi D. McElwain …
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In order to ensure permeability and smooth operation in shaft furnace smelting process, the reduction behavior of oxidized pellets should be known clearly in the shaft furnace. No matter BF or gas-based shaft furnace is used, the use of oxidized pellets as a major part of the ferrous burden presents many advantages, such as high …
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In present research, the reduction behaviours of iron oxides inside the COREX pre-reduction shaft furnace with the reducing gas of CO-H 2 mixture were simulated. The reducing gas temperature ranges investigated in this model are from 1123K to 1273K, and at each temperature level, the mole fraction of H 2 increases from 0 to …
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Direct reduction experiments under non-isothermal conditions are induced to simulate reaction in the actual hydrogen shaft furnace. Morphology of metalized pellets is analyzed through optical microscope. Weight loss during reduction is recorded and the model of un-reacted core is adopted for dynamic analysis in sections.
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The reduction and melting behavior of carbon composite iron ore hot briquette in shaft furnace are discussed. As these agglomerates are made by the use of thermal plasticity of coal, the reduction ...
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At the start-up of each test, 50 pellets of known mass were placed in the middle of the hanging cages. They were heated up to the desired temperature in the electric heating oven under N 2 atmosphere. Then, the reducing gas replaced N 2 for the whole reduction process. After 30 min, the reducing gas was switched off while the N 2 was …
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