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Production scheduling determines the most beneficial mining sequence over the life of mine. Developing a schedule that meets all mining aspects can substantially reduce mining costs and increase profitability. Among all underground mining methods, the sublevel caving (SLC) method is a common method with moderate development …
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Sublevel caving (SLC) is a mass mining method having high productivity and high safety. However, this method often causes a considerable amount of permanent ore loss. Interestingly, all lost ores are buried in the broken waste rocks that come mostly from the caved hanging wall and partly from the ore body in which ore and waste rock are ...
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Sublevel caving (SLC) is a mass mining method based upon the utilisation of gravity flow of blasted ore and caved waste rock [1]. The method functions on the principle that ore …
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Drawpoints are basic elements of development methods used in sublevel stoping, sublevel caving, block caving, shrinkage, VCR and others. Can be positioned: -in sublevels production when using sublevel caving-; -na base level or ore body, when it is used block caving, sublevel stoping and VCR. Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation …
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The layout of ore blocks and extracting technology are generally similar to that of sublevel caving method with sill pillar and external force of drilling blasting is required for caving. The method belongs to one-step mining, which is characterized by caving at one time in the whole stage height without sublevels.
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Caving Methods of Mining. There are three distinctive methods of working large deposits that involve, in some way, the factor of caving. Slightly different names are in use, but those that are simple as …
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Sub-level caving is a highly efficient, top-down, underground bulk mining method. Recent developments in sub-level cave mining have advanced the understanding of the technique and its production performance,...
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Sublevel shrinkage (SLSh) is an underground mining method similar to sublevel caving (SLC) but with continuous backfilling from the top. It features a top-down mining sequence with production ...
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Learn about sub-level caving, a top-down, underground bulk mining method that offers low unit cost and flexibility. Read the article published in Mining Magazine that …
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Source: Mining Magazine, September 2013. Sub-level caving is a highly efficient, top-down, underground bulk mining method. Recent developments in sub-level cave mining have advanced the understanding of the technique and its production performance, which allow it to now be considered as a highly viable alternative to open …
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Since the 1970s, the sublevel stoping mining method (Fig. 1) has been an open stope mining method with relatively advanced technology, high mechanization and efficiency, reasonable safety, and low loss for the application of trackless excavating equipment in the underground.Its main features include: (1) The stage height is 40–60 m …
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Cave mining progresses to depths exceeding 1000 m and ore bodies situated in competent and strong rock masses are nowadays extracted by different cave mining methods. Widely applied caving methods in massive deposits are block and panel caving, inclined caving, and sublevel caving. All caving methods have in common …
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Sublevel caving method with sill pillar is the mining process in which a level is divided into several sublevels, a bottom structure specifically used for ore removal is furnished at the lower part ofeachsublevel,andstopingoforeproceedsfrom the top sublevel to the bottom sublevel (Fig. 1). It is also called sublevel caving method with bot-tom ...
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Learn about the mining process of dividing a level into sublevels and using a bottom structure for ore removal. Find out the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of …
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Reasonable delay time between blastholes is imperative in improving the blasting effect and mining efficiency. At present, the research findings on the effect of inter-blasthole delay time in sublevel caving are sparse. In this study, the effects of different delay times between blastholes in sublevel caving were studied through numerical …
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Block caving; Sublevel caving; Longwall mining; Sublevel caving and block caving have application to inclined or vertical, massive deposits, almost exclusively metallic or nonmetallic. Longwall mining is used in relatively flat-lying and tabular deposits such as coal, primarily, but the method is used to exploit some noncoal minerals, such as ...
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Sublevel caving (SLC) is a mass mining method having high productivity and high safety. However, this method often causes a considerable amount of permanent ore loss. Interestingly, all lost ores are buried in the broken waste rocks that come mostly from the caved hanging wall and partly from the ore body in which ore and waste rock …
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Much of the theory upon which the Sublevel Caving (SLC) method is based was developed in Scandinavia many years ago. It was based mainly on bin' theory and ellipsoid of draw' configurations derived from sandbox models. In many cases, classical SLC layouts influenced by these early theories obtained relatively poor results. Early dilution entry, …
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Several technical and economic factors have to be taken into consideration in developing an optimal mining method. This paper describes some of the important factors learnt during the evolution of the sublevel cave mining method at Trojan Nickel Mine, part of the Bindura Nickel Corporation (BNC) in Zimbabwe. Sublevel caving (SLC) has been …
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Sublevel caving: unearthing new opportunities . The known resource base for base metals is increasingly comprised of large scale, low-grade deposits, situated at increasing depths where underground cave 1 mining methods are the only viable means of economic extraction.. In the spectrum of underground mining methods, caving …
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The sublevel caving (SLC) mining method has evolved over the last 100 years. The method was first used in the early 1900s in soft iron ore mines in Minnesota and Michigan, USA (Hartman and Mutmansky, 2002) . It represented an evolution from top
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Raise caving: a novel mining method for (deep) mass mining Caving 2022: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving, Caving 2022: 2022: Karlsson, M; Ladinig, T; Grynienko, M: Test mining with raise caving mining method: one-time chance to prove the concept?
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Sublevel caving (SLC) has previously been regarded as a high dilution and low recovery mining method requiring specific orebody geometry and rock mass conditions to be …
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Topic 7: Underground Mining Methods Longwall Sublevel Caving Block Caving Hassan Z. Harraz hharraz2006@yahoo 2014- 2015 This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in Power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors.
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method of underground mining. This method owes the first part of its name to the fact that work is carried out on many intermediate levels (that is, sublevels) between the main …
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Abstract: Sublevel caving (SLC) has previously been regardedas a high dilution and low recovery mining method requiring specific orebody geometry and rock mass conditions to be successful. Progress in the past 20 years at numerous operations has broken this misconception. A wide range of challenges have been encountered and mitigated at …
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Sublevel caving is an underground mass mining method used for extracting different types of ores from the earth crust. Mines using sublevel caving (SLC) as the primary mining method are generally highly mechanized with standardized and independent unit operations. Mine development for caving
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Sublevel caving (SLC) is a mass mining method based upon the utilisation of gravity flow of blasted ore and caved waste rock [1]. The method functions on the principle that ore is fragmented by blasting, while the overlying host rock fractures and caves under the action of mine-induced stresses and gravity [2]. The caved waste from …
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Advantages of sublevel caving method without sill pillar: the stope has a simple structure, which is beneficial for the operation of large mechanized trackless self-propelled equipment; no need to maintain pillars, high adaptability to changes of ore body, concentration and stoping of the orebodies of various grades and with horse stones, and …
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Production scheduling determines the most beneficial mining sequence over the life of a mine. Developing a schedule that meets all mining aspects can substantially reduce mining costs and increase profitability. Among all underground mining methods, the sublevel caving method is a common method with moderate …
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Sublevel caving (SLC) is a mass mining method in which the ore is drilled and blasted while the waste rock caves and fills the space created by the extraction of ore (Cokayne Citation 1982). The ore body is divided into vertical intervals called sublevel intervals. The ore within each sublevel interval is drilled in a fan-shaped design at a ...
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In September 2007, the mine decided to adopt the underground mining method, and started the shaft development for the sublevel caving mine with a production scale of 75,000 tons/year. Subsequently, in August 2012, the mine began partial stoping work. The sublevel height is divided into 13 and 14 m and the drift spacing is chosen at …
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Learn about the different types of caving methods, such as sublevel caving, block caving, and stage caving, and their applications in metal mines. The web page is a living …
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Sublevel caving. This type of caving is used in strong and massive orebodies in which the host rock is very weak and quickly caves into the void created by removing the core. As …
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run-of-mine and Malmberget mine about 14 Mt. Sublevel caving is the mining method used at these mines. LKAB has a history of using sublevel caving at its mines, and throughout the years it has introduced significant improvements to keep production costs at desirable levels. It should be mentioned that other mining
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Keywords: sublevel caving, dilution, recovery, benchmarking 1 Introductio n Sublevel caving (SLC) is a top-down mining method that relies on gravity flow of ore that is fragmented by blasting (Kvapil 1965). Blasted ore is extracted in accordance with a prescribed tonnage or grade shutoff.
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Block caving and sublevel caving require steeply dipping to nearly vertical deposits to enable the gravity flow of the rock. Longwall mining by contrast does not require this gravity flow of the caved material, and as such, it is well suited for tabular and nearly horizontal …
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