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Flotation reactivity of these minerals was studied using cyclic voltammetry and rest potential measurements, which included dissolved oxygen concentration and butyl xanthate addition as the main ...
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Froth flotation is a physicochemical process that is used to separate fine mineral particles from aqueous suspensions by selective attachment of some types of minerals to air bubbles. Froth ...
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The flotation process involves crushing the ore to liberate separate grains of the various valuable minerals and gangue components, pulping the ore particles with water, and …
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In the single mineral flotation experiment, 2 g of pure minerals and 40 mL of deionized water were added to a 40 mL flotation tank to prepare the flotation slurry. ... The COHP shows that the Pb and surface oxygen atoms on the two mineral surfaces engage in an anti-bonding state above the Fermi level. However, below the Fermi level, they ...
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An increase in dissolved oxygen could lead to an increase in oxidized iron species at the mineral surface during grinding, which has been considered as a primary factor in …
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Rare-earth mineral (REM) flotation is reviewed. ... This class of collectors is called oxhydryl collectors, as their functional groups consist of an oxygen anion and a . Sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonate is used extensively in bastnӓsite flotation to regulate the supply of carbonate ions in solution [13,81,122]. Carbonate ions will affect ...
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Attachment of particles and droplets to bubbles—the latter being of various fine sizes and created by different techniques (as described in detail)—forms the basis of flotation, a process which indeed was originated from mineral processing. Nevertheless, chemistry often plays a significant role in this area, in order for separation to be effective, …
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The design and development of selective flotation collectors has been the key to the remarkable success of flotation in beneficiating complex, difficult-to-process ores. Sustained research efforts in the field over the past hundred years have led to delineating the scientific basis of selective mineral flotation in terms of the crystal …
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Pyrite (Py) is known to be the most cathodic sulphide mineral; therefore, when in contact with other sulphide minerals, it draws electrons and serves as the cathodic site for oxygen reduction, which promotes the formation of metal oxide/hydroxide products that depresses pyrite flotation (Xu et al., 1995, Goktepe and Williams, 1995).
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1. Introduction. Low-rank coal plays an increasingly important role in energy supply and chemical production, and its separation and recovery from ores is increasingly necessary [1].The physicochemical properties of different mineral surfaces are different, resulting in different attachment affinity to bubble surfaces, and this is exploited in froth …
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Traditional flotation is a multi-phase, multi-substance, and multi-scale separation process, as shown in Fig. 1.Collectors are usually added to the slurry to mix with the mineral particles by the fluid turbulent flow to enhance the surface hydrophobicity of valuable minerals.
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2.2. Micro flotation experiments. Single mineral flotation experiments were carried out with a laboratory XFD self-aeration flotation machine. 4.0 g mineral and 40 mL deionized water were loaded into a 50 mL flotation cell.Then slurry pH was adjusted with NaOH and H 2 SO 4 solutions and sodium oleate was added for direct flotation. All the …
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What is Flotation. Flotation, as the term is applied to ore concentration, means the separation of one of the constituents of an ore from the remainder by causing it to float at or above the surface of a pulp consisting of the finely pulverized ore and water. Minerals that float. Minerals that float have a metallic, adamantine, or resinous ...
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Contrary to conventional systems, the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in water are relatively low at high altitudes due to the low pressure and oxygen content. In addition, the flotation effect may be different. The situation affects the surface oxidation of pyrite and the electrochemical reaction of the agent and mineral.
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The surface is the contact region where many adsorptions occur during the flotation process. Unlike these of stable coordination composition in the bulk structures, the atoms of the surfaces tend to form different terminations due to the breaking of the fracture bonds [33].Therefore, the surface structure has very different atom states from the bulk, …
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Since it is known that the flotation of sphalerite from the complex lead–zinc sulphide minerals is enhanced under more oxidizing conditions, the flotation recovery of sphalerite from the Rosh ...
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Froth flotation has been widely used to separate sulfide minerals from sulfide ores, where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a significant role as the cathodic reaction. However, the intrinsic ORR mechanism over sulfide minerals and its effect on the flotation performance remain unclear. Herein, we e
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During the flotation separation of multiple sulfide minerals, the pyrite is often depressed as the gangue minerals (Mu et al., 2016). Whereas it is often floated as the froth products using xanthate as a collector during the gold and cobalt bearing pyrite processing. Flotation is the most effective method for the recovery of pyrite.
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Dissolved oxygen is also important in controlling the composition of the mineral surface of some minerals and the effect of the reagents on the minerals in flotation systems (Gaudin, 1974). The presence of electrolytes can improve particle–bubble attachment efficiency through compressing the electrical double layer and thus reducing …
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The fresh copper oxide mineral surfaces exposed during crushing and grinding have a significant effect on subsequent flotation [23], [24], [25], [26].Many dangling bonds exist on fresh mineral surfaces because of destruction of the original lattice bonds, and the copper oxide mineral surface often shows strong polarity because of the …
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Pyrite is a common sulfide mineral and its surface oxidation and natural hydrophobicity play an important role in determining flotation performance for many minerals, particularly for sulfides and ...
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One of the important properties of surfactants, relevant to mineral flotation is, their critical micelle concentration (CMC). It requires modeling the adsorption of surfactants at the …
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Metal ions have been used to improve the flotation recovery of muscovite, while the enhancement mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption structure of sodium oleate (NaOL) on muscovite surface, and the …
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The flotation-induced chemical process at the interface depends on the selective adsorption of flotation agents on mineral surfaces, which in turn depends on the compatibility of the surface properties of minerals with those of flotation agents. The mineral surface properties and flotation-reagent adsorption behaviors are also …
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Oxygen reduction on sulphide minerals. Part III. Comparison of activities of various copper, iron, lead and nickel mineral electrodes. J. Electroanalytical Chemistry ... Pure mineral flotation results indicate that a low DO environment at high altitudes favors the separation process and reduces the number of inhibitors. The mechanism of ...
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Modifiers in the flotation of sulphide minerals mainly include depressants and activators. A depressant is defined as a reagent which inhibits the adsorption ofa ... mineral oxidation and oxygen reduction, the oxidation ofthe thio collector or the formation of the metal collector is suppressed, and the mineral will remain. 5.1 Electrochemical ...
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In the present work an intense bibliographic search is developed, with updated information on the microscopic fundamentals that govern the behavior of flotation operations of chalcopyrite, the main copper mineral in nature. In particular, the effect caused by the presence of pyrite, a non-valuable mineral, but challenging for the …
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Yet this chemical is of the utmost importance in controlling the composition of the mineral surface of some minerals and the effect of the reagents on the minerals in flotation …
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The efficiency of a flotation circuit operation relies on several factors that are pertinent to mineral nature and structure (variability of ore feed, particle size, complex mineralogy, and morphology) as well as the type of instrumentation and operational parameters (design parameters, reagents, quality of process water, air flow rate, and ...
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It is well known that a minimum amount of oxygen in the pulp (reflecting low Eh) is required for xanthate collectors to adsorb and, therefore, promote sulphide mineral flotation while an excess amount of oxygen (high Eh) leads to marked surface oxidation which has a detrimental effect [9], [10], [11].
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The three components in mineral flotation are mineral particles, bubbles, and liquid water. Due to the existence of flotation reagents, the contact behaviors among these three phases can be manipulated, thereby producing metals and many other materials in our modern world. With the rapid development of nano-techniques and highly selective ...
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The Role of Oxygen in Flotation A. M. GAUDIN Robert H. Richards, Professor Emeritus of Mineral Engineering, M.I.T., Cambridge, Massachusetts Receiyed August 1, 1973; accepted August 20, 1973 From the early days of flotation, experi- menters have wondered at the part played by the gas phase in the process.
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An XFG single mineral flotation machine was used to conduct single mineral flotation experiments using a 40 mL cell at 1,900 rpm. ... In addition, the hydroxyl and N–H bonds in the complexes can form hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atoms on the mineral surface, which also contributes to the adsorption of the complexes on the …
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Oxygen is an important component for the oxidation of mineral surfaces and flotation chemicals. DO has temperature-dependent solubility ( Figure 2 (a)), affecting flotation pulp pH and Eh.
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We conducted a mixed ore flotation separation test to validate the conclusions of the chalcopyrite pure mineral flotation inhibition test. The ratio of chalcopyrite: molybdenite = 3:1 was used for mixing, and the minerals were modified with 2.7 × 10-2 mg/L SIBX before separation. Sodium sulfide was used as a chalcopyrite inhibitor, 2.5 μL ...
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The collector, sulfide ore minerals, and oxygen form hydrophobic products on the surface of sulfide ore minerals through electrochemical reaction, resulting in their floatability. …
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While most laboratory work to date investigating the flotation of minerals with hydroxamate collectors focuses on the use of alkyl hydroxamates, a modified naphthyl hydroxamate (known as H 205) has been widely used to process Chinese bastnӓsite ores, producing rare-earth oxide (REO) concentrates with grades above 50% [13, 119, 127].
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Formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidizing agent stronger than oxygen, by sulphide minerals during grinding was investigated. It was found that pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), sphalerite ((Zn,Fe)S), …
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Oxygen is an important component for the oxidation of mineral surfaces and flotation chemicals. DO has temperature-dependent solubility ( Figure 2 (a)), affecting flotation …
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