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Base on the plentiful experience of producing and marketing of impact crusher, Sofol R&D institution…
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Copper oxide ores. Copper oxide ores are not as attractive of an exploration target as the copper sulfide ore types due to their lower grade, however low-grade copper oxide deposits can be ...
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Two methods that have better characteristics for pre-treatment of low-grade refractory gold ores are bio-oxidation and the neutral atmospheric oxidation process. Bio-oxidation of …
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Mu et al. reported a process for synchronous extraction of nickel and copper from a mixed oxide-sulfide nickel ore in a low-temperature roasting system. In this process, sodium sulfate was used as an additive for improving the extraction of nickel by converting into Na-pyrosulfate, and more than 97% of nickel could be extracted after …
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The use of thiosulfate to extract gold from refractory ores is promising because of its non-toxicity and high selectivity. Sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite), …
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Gold is present in refractory sulfide gold ores mainly in arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite, where it occurs in both the chemically bonded state and as nano-size grains of metallic gold. During roasting or pressure oxidation, the sulfide matrix is destroyed and essentially all the gold is converted to the metallic form. The liberated gold is readily dissolved in …
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A more recent paper, "Roasting of Arsenical Gold Ores and Concentrates" by F. R. Archibald contains a bibliography listing 23 references on the subject of roasting gold and silver ores. There are four general types of roasting furnace in use: the horizontal, multiple-spindle type, of which the Edwards furnace and modifications of it are ...
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Gold in sulfide ores and technogenic formations after their processing is concentrated in the form of micro-dispersed particles. This article presents a study on the composition of the ultrafine ...
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Many sulfide ores, including Carlin-type gold ores 7 Arsenic sulfide ores Gold occurs as liberated particles and inclusions, and submicroscopic gold in arsenopyrite and oxidized products. Giant Yellowknife, Campbell Mine (Canada), Sao Bento (Brazil) and Carlin-type ores 8 Antimony sulfide ores Gold occurs mainly as native gold, with minor
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Many gold deposits contain finely disseminated gold particles in iron sulfide minerals such as pyrite. These minerals are called refractory gold ores because of the presence of gold, which occurs either as disseminated fine gold particles—typically <1 µm [] or as fine particles of gold encapsulated in the ore host [2,3].In certain ores, …
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The viability of thiocyanate leaching was confirmed in 1989, 9 and subsequent studies have reported gold recovery ranging from 93% (oxide concentrate in 0.6 M NH 4 SCN in the presence of glycine and 0.05 M Fe 3+, pH 2) to 95% (hard arsenopyrite in 0.4 M KSCN, pH 2–5). 11,14 Many studies have investigated thiocyanate leaching using …
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Oxide copper–gold ores: The presence of clay minerals prevents flotation of these ores. Ester-modified xanthates have been used, with some success, to treat gold-containing oxide copper ores, using a sulphidization method. ... Theory and Practice Flotation of Sulfide Ores. Elsevier B.V., Petersborough, Ontario, Canada (2007), …
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However, recovery rates and ore grade can affect profitability. The capital intensity for sulfide projects tends to be higher. Sulfide projects often come with by-product credits like gold or silver. While it's possible to extract these from oxide deposits, it typically requires a secondary leaching process and is less common.
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Problem with gold recovery from sulphide ore: How may a mill get the maximum recovery of gold from a sulphide ore, at the least capital cost and at the same time obtain the highest net return. This latter point is most important. In many cases a gold mill using an all-cyanide flowsheet with fine grinding of ... Gold Ore …
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Oxide ores such as hematite (Fe2O3), cuprite (Cu2O), and bauxite (Al2O3) can be processed through leaching, where the ore is treated with chemicals that dissolve the desired metals; the resultant ...
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chalcopyrite. These ores are often refractory, as the gold is encapsulated within the sulfide matrix. In order to recover the gold, the host matrix must be destroyed. Over the past 100 years, roasting or smelting has been the dominant method for oxidising sulfide bearing gold ores and concentrates. However, with the cost associated with treating SO
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Mixed sulfide-oxide ore: Feed: Carrollite, Co 2 CuS 4; malachite CuCO 3 ·Cu(OH) 2; sphaerocobaltite, CoCO 3; kolwezite, Co 2 Cu[(OH) 2 ·CO 3] in dolomite gangue: Description: ... Gold. Au content in sulfide ores is determined by fire assay using scorification or cupellation. Crucible fusion of the samples mixed with a litharge-based …
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Recovering gold from sulfide refractory gold ore has been an important guarantee for the sustainable development of gold industry, while there are many challenges in the …
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Oxidized gold ores are relatively easier to treat using cyanide leaching than the sulfide ores because the oxidation process reduces the size of the sulfide matrix and liberates …
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Small particles of gold, a metal of higher interest, are mostly found in a matrix of sulfide-based minerals and not affordably recovered with conventional approaches …
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Two composite samples of sulfidic refractory gold ores were studied for development of novel biooxidation process with coarser ground materials. Gold was associated with …
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Some epithermal deposits may be free-milling (such as the oxidized portion) but more commonly contain significant amounts of sulfides in which gold occurs as tiny inclusions …
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An oxide gold ore was subjected to chloride/hypochlorite leaching at room temperature. The effects of three factors, including Ca(OCl) 2 vs. NaOCl, OCl − concentration, and HCl concentration on gold leaching performance were investigated. Due to formation of CaOCl + complex in solution and hence less reactivity, calcium …
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The effect of bio-oxidation and neutral atmospheric oxidation pre-treatment of refractory gold concentrates on gold and silver extraction during cyanidation was investigated. A series of pre-treatment experiments was conducted on three high sulfur (> 9%) refractory concentrates with 0.92–1.25 g/t gold and 64–90 g/t silver. Cyanidation of …
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The perceived advantage is that the acidic preoxidized sulfide ore can be directly leached with thiourea without a neutralization step that would be required for leaching with cyanide. Thiourea has also been applied to oxide ores with mixed results (Ubaldini et al., 1998, McNulty, 2001).
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T he copper mining industry is reaching a turning point. Surface oxide deposits are depleting and copper miners are turning their attention to untapped sulfide ores found deeper underground. However, sulfides require more expensive processing techniques since they are not responsive to standard technologies that are used in …
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Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits are a diverse family of mineral deposits characterized by the following features: ... Chalcopyrite ore VS gold Chalcopyrite (a type of copper-iron sulfide) has properties very similar to pyrite. Its hardness (3.5 to 4) and specific gravity (4.1 to 4.3) are lower than those of pyrite, in addition ...
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The temperatures needed are too high to be economic. Instead, it is extracted by electrolysis. The ore is first converted into pure aluminum oxide by the Bayer Process, and this is then electrolyzed in solution in molten cryolite - another aluminum compound. The aluminum oxide has too high a melting point to electrolyse on its own.
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Moreover, individual deposits may be internally zoned from massive Fe-Cu sulfide ore zones outwards through Fe-oxide-poor massive sulfide zones to outer Fe-oxide-rich sulfide-poor zones (see grey arrow at 'WP' in Fig. 8 B, e.g. West Peko deposit, Tennant Creek province). At the extreme right side of the IOCG-ISCG cube (right-hand …
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Pressure oxidation is a widely accepted method to treat refractory gold ores. Gold recovery is generally lower from alkaline than acidic pressure oxidation discharge due to passivation and incomplete oxidation of mineral. Gold ore from Goldstrike, NV, is a typical refractory gold ore containing sulfide and carbonaceous matter. Alkaline …
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Properties of gold sulfide ore. Gold sulfide ore is a rock gold ore with a chemical formula of Au 2 S. It is the principal sulfide of gold (usually pyrite) and decomposes to gold metal and elemental sulfur, illustrating the "nobility" of gold.
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Refractory ores. Processing refractory ores often requires pre-treatment steps such as roasting, pressure oxidation, or bioleaching to alter the chemical state of the ore and liberate the gold for recovery. These methods can be more costly and technically challenging, but they are essential for accessing the valuable metals within these ...
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